10. Roy Porter, "Forbidden Pleasures: Enlightenment Literature of Sexual Advice," in Solitary Pleasures: The Historical, Literary, and Artistic Discourses of Autoeroticism, ed. Paula Bennett and Vernon A. Rosario II (New York: Routledge, 1995), 81.

11. New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, Fifteenth Annual Report, Case 39,591 (New York: the society, 1890), 15-16.

12. Repellier, "The Repeal of Reticence."

13. Ira S. Wile, "The Sexual Problems of Adolescents," Journal of Social Hygiene 20, no. 9 (December 1934): 439-40.

14. Bernard Weintraub, "Fun for the Whole Family," New York Times, July 22, 1997.

15. Samuel S. Janus and Barbara E. Bess, "Latency: Fact or Fiction?" American Journal of Psychoanalysis 36, no. 4 (1976): 345-46.

16. Right-wing fundamentalist Christians are today's firmest articulators of the view from Genesis, that philandering with worldly experience can lead to no good. One of their conspiracy narratives dates the fall of American civilization to the takeover of Harvard University by Unitarians, the country's preeminent educational institution hijacked by its preeminent doubters. Conservative opposition to sex education, similarly, is always connected with opposition to other forms of moral questioning and intellectual exploration at school, from values clarification to creative spelling.

17. See Roger Shattuck's Forbidden Knowledge: From Prometheus to Pornography (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996) for an interesting exploration of this conflict.

18. Nicole Wise, "A Curious Time," Parenting, March 1994, 110.

19. Janice Irvine, "Cultural Differences and Adolescent Sexualities," in Sexual Cultures and the Construction of Adolescent Identities, ed. Janice Irvine (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994), 21.

20. Interview with Leonore Tiefer, May 1996.

21. This is still true in many non-Western cultures and Western ethnic subcultures, which is why HIV/AIDS workers have coined the term "men who have sex with men," or MSM, to reach people who don't identify as gay but may still engage in so-called gay sex.

22. Anne C. Bernstein, Flight of the Stork: What Children Think (and When) about Sex and Family Building, rev. ed. (Indianapolis: Perspectives Press, 1994), 31.

23. Elizabeth Kolbert, "Americans Despair of Popular Culture," New York Times, August 20, 1995, 23.

24. Marjorie Heins, INDECENCY: The Great American Debate over Sex, Children, Free Speech, and Dirty Words, Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Monograph Paper #7, 1997, 4.

25. While the courts have often balked at censorship of books and films, because presumably a child could be kept from seeing them, they have upheld "safe-harbor" restrictions in numerous cases involving radio and television broadcasting. A landmark decision came in 1978, when the New York listener-supported Pacifica radio station WBAI aired the comedian George Carlin's baroque exegesis of the "Seven Filthy Words" that the Federal Communications Commission prohibited from the airwaves: shit, piss, fuck, cunt, cocksucker, motherfucker, and tits. The FCC imposed sanctions on Pacifica, which appealed the decision to the Supreme Court. There, the justices ruled that the FCC could punish Pacifica, not because the content was legally obscene, but because it broadcast the words at a time when minors were likely to be listening. Heins, INDECENCY, 11.

26. Barbara Miner, "Internet Filtering: Beware the Cybercensors," Rethinking Schools (summer 1998): 11.

27. Butler v. Michigan, 352 U.S. 383-84 (1957).

28. Janelle Brown, "Another Defeat for 'Kiddie Porn' Law," salon.com, June 23, 2000.

29. Report of the Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (Washington, D.C.: Lockhart commission, 1970), 23-27.

30. Mary R. Murrin and D. R. Laws, "The Influence of Pornography on Sexual Crimes," in Handbook of Sexual Assault, ed. W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws, and H. E. Barbaree (New York: Plenum Press, 1990), 83-84.

31. David E. Nutter and Mary E. Kearns, "Patterns of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material among Sex Offenders, Child Molesters, and Controls," Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy 19 (spring 1993): 73-85.

32. See John Money, Love Maps: Clinical Concepts of Sexual/Erotic Health and Pathology, Paraphilia and Gender Transposition, Childhood, Adolescence and Maturity (New York: Irving Publishers, 1986); Irene Diamond, "Pornography and Repression: A Reconsideration," Signs (summer 1989): 689; David Futrelle, "Shameful Pleasures," In These Times (March 7, 1994): 17.

33. Marjorie Heins, Sex, Sin, and Blasphemy: A Guide to America's Censorship Wars (New York: New Press, 1993).

34. Edward de Grazia, Girls Lean Back Everywhere: The Law of Obscenity and the Assault on Genius (New York: Vintage Books, 1993): 541n, 551-61.

35. U.S. Department of Justice, Report of the Surgeon General's Workshop on Pornography and Public Health (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1986), 344.