195

Allan Adams (MIT), interview with author, October 31, 2008.

196

Gross, interview with author, October 31, 2008.

197

Adams, interview with author, October 31, 2008.

198

Tristan Hubsch, e-mail letter to author, December 15, 2008.

199

Melanie Becker (Texas A&M University), interview with author, February 1, 2007.

200

Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, February 7, 2007.

201

Li-Sheng Tseng (Harvard University), interview with author, December 17, 2008.

202

Becker, interview with author, February 1, 2007.

203

Polchinski, interview with author, January 29, 2007.

204

Strominger, interview with author, August 1, 2007.

205

Burt Ovrut (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, February 2, 2007.

206

Geoffrey Landis, “Vacuum States,” Asimov's Science Fiction 12 (July 1988): 73–79.

207

Andrew R. Frey, Matthew Lippert, and Brook Williams, “The Fall of Stringy de Sitter,” Physical Review D. 68 (2003).

208

Sidney Coleman, “Fate of the False Vacuum: Semi-classical Theory,” Physical Review D. 15 (May 15, 1977): 2,929-2,936.

209

Steve Giddings (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, September 24, 2007.

210

Matthew Kleban (New York University), interview with author, January 17, 2008.

211

Dennis Overbye, “One Cosmic Question, Too Many Answers,” New York Times, September 2, 2003.

212

Andrei Linde (Stanford University), interview with author, December 27, 2007.

213

Giddings, interview with author, October 17, 2007.

214

Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), interview with author, September 18, 2007.

215

Linde, interview with author, December 27, 2007.

216

Henry Tye (Cornell University), interview with author, September 12, 2007.

217

Linde, interview with author, January 10, 2008.

218

S. W. Hawking, “The Cosmological Constant,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 310 (1983): 303–310.

219

Kleban, interview with author, January 17, 2008.

220

Steven B. Giddings, “The Fate of Four Dimensions,” Physical Review D. 68 (2003).

221

Geoffrey Landis, “Vacuum States,” Asimov's Science Fiction 12 (July 1988): 73–79.

222

Andrew R. Frey, Matthew Lippert, and Brook Williams, “The Fall of Stringy de Sitter,” Physical Review D. 68(2003).

223

Sidney Coleman, “Fate of the False Vacuum: Semi-classical Theory,” Physical Review D. 15 (May 15, 1977): 2,929-2,936.