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2.3.2. Whether Ainu belongs to Altaic stock?
Having compared some randomly chosen lexemes, Patrie states that Ainu is a relative of Japanese and Korean and thus belongs to Altaic stock (Patrie 1982).
Whether Japanese and Korean are part of Altaic stock is still a discussed issue and even relationship of Japanese and Korean is still actually questionable. However, let’s accept Patrie’s proposition and let’s look at PAI of these languages.
PAI of Ainu is 0.75 (calculated after Tamura 2000);
PAI of Japanese is 0.13 (see 2.1.6);
PAI of Korean is 0.13 (calculated after Mazur 2004).
Values of PAI of Ainu and Japanese/Ainu and Korean differ sixfold.
In the case of Coptic language and Semitic group values of PAI differ fourfold and if there were no firm structural evidences relationship of Coptic language and Semitic group would be very problematic.
In the case of Ainu and Altaic stock serious difference of PAI values is obviously proof of absence of relatedness. Ainu and Korean, Ainu and Japanese are completely unrelated like, for instance, Spanish and Basque.
Moreover, we should keep in mind that Japanese and Korean have probably the highest values of PAI among languages of Altai stock so if we compare Ainu with some “true” languages of Altaic stock the difference is much more striking.
And also the fact there is almost no structural correlation between Ainu and Japanese and between Ainu and Korean corroborates conclusion made with the use of PAI.
2.3.3. PAI suggests that Buyeo stock seems to be real
Japanese and Korean seem to be closer relatives than it has been thought usually, since their PAI values completely coincide (see 2.3.2). And this fact correlates well with their structural and material correlation.
Anyway after discovering closeness of PAI values proximity of grammar systems should be shown.
The question of Japanese and Korean relationship is considered in (5.2).
2.3.4. PAI against Mudrak’s hypotheses
Mudrak believes that such languages as: Ainu, Nivkh, Chukchi-Koryak, Itelmen and Eskimo-Aleut are genetically related (Mudrak 2013).
2.3.4.1. Whether Ainu and Nivkh could be relatives
According to Mudrak Ainu and Nivkh not just belong to that hypothetical stock but belong to same group inside the stock (pic. 4).
Pic. 4. Scheme representing genetic relationships of “Paleosiberian stock” languages accordingto Mudrak (source: [битая ссылка]accessed December 2015)
PAI of Nivkh is 0.07 (calculated after Gruzdeva 1997);
PAI of Ainu is 0.75.
Values differ more than tenfold.
Also grammars of Ainu and grammar of Nivkh show serious differences.
Hypothesis of Nivkh and Ainu relationship is same as for instance hypothesis of common ancestor of Estonian and Latvian spoken out by Nivkh or Ainu scientists (if Nivkh or Ainu would have scientists and European languages would be “indigenous languages”). It’s completely na"ive and it’s based only on very perfunctory impression of some cultural similarities of Sakhalin Nivkh and Sakhalin Ainu.
2.3.4.2. Whether Ainu and Eskimo-Aleut could be relatives?
PAI of Aleut group and its relatives is zero (Golovko 1997: 115; Menovschikov 1997: 77). PAI of Ainu is 0.75. We have seen some well assembled groups and stocks and know how values of PAI can differ if languages really form a stock. As far as our current math, that we use to count values of PAI and estimate correlation of PAI values, doesn’t know division by zero so we can ascribe to the PAI of Aleut an obviously absurd value (for instance: 0.000001) in order to show the utmost absurdity of any attempts to represent Ainu and Aleut as languages belonging to the same stock.
Pic. 5. Diagram representing PAI values of languages that don’t form stocks.
2.3.4.3. Against term “Paleosiberian”
The term “Paleosiberian languages” was invented to designate isolated languages of Siberia and Far East; it doesn’t mean a hypothetical stock but it is just a set of genetically unrelated languages assembled by their geographic location. Now it would be better to avoid use of this term as far as it doesn’t help to analyse and discover but just inspires development of megalocomparative obscurantism.
It would be better to use term “isolated languages and stocks of Siberia and Far East” rather than to explain every time true meaning of term “Paleosiberian” since it looks much alike name of stock, it looks too mystic and/or intriguing for random amaterish people could properly understand its meaning.
2.3.5. Potential relatives of Ainu seem to be in South
2.3.5.1. Ainu and Austronesian
Murayama believed that Ainu could be a distant relative of Austronesian (Murayama 1993).