Шрифт:
Port Arthur
again played a central role in war in the Far East.
It is fair to say that at its heart,
the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
was an extended battle for the possession of
Port Arthur
and the railway to it, the Southern Manchurian Railway.
After the Boxer Rebellion (1900-01)
had been extinguished by
an international coalition of troops,
Russia
refused to withdraw its reinforcements from Manchuria and instead began to fortify and garrison the entire route along the Southern Manchurian Railway.
With this development,
Japan
proposed the two powers meet and discuss their respective roles in eastern Manchuria,
as the area was considered a portion of their respective spheres of influence.
Talks were conducted between 1902 and 1904.
While numerous proposals and agreement papers were generated between the two powers,
Russia
continued the
de facto
annexation of territory through fortification and garrison,
if not
de jure
while employing stalling tactics in its negotiations.
In the end, with over two years of intensive bilateral negotiations having gotten nowhere in clarifying each country's rights, prerogatives, and interests in inner Manchuria,
Japan
declared war on Russia
in February 1904." (from Wikipedia)
The Battle of Port Arthur
"The Battle of Port Arthur,
the opening battle of the Russo-Japanese War,
was fought in the heavily fortified harbor of the town of
Port Arthur/L"ushun [Lyushun, Lushun. Loushun]
on 9 February 1904
when the
Japanese attacked at night with torpedoes,
followed by a brief daylight skirmish by major surface combatants.
By the end of July 1904,
the Japanese army had pushed down the
Liaodong peninsula
and was at the outer defenses of
Port Arthur.
The fact that Japanese forces
had closed to within artillery range of the harbor
in early August 1904
led directly to the
naval Battle of the Yellow Sea
which solidified Japan's command of the sea,
where her fleets continued to blockade the harbor.
Virtually all the battles of
the war
until July 1904
were strategic battles for territorial gain or position leading to the investment and siege of the port city.
The port
Port Arthur
eventually fell 2 January 1905
after a long train of battles on land and sea during which the Japanese occupied the whole of the Korean Peninsula, split the Russian Army, devastated the Russian Fleet, and cut off the source of supplies on the railway from Harbin, culminating
in the bloody battle
known as
the Siege of Port Arthur
the Siege of
Port Arthur
(June 1904 - January 1905;
some sources place the siege start in late July, a technical difference due to definitions)."
(from Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L"ushunkou_District
After World War II
"The Japanese-controlled
Ryojun City had 40 districts.
The Chinese
L"ushun City
was established
on November 25, 1945
to replace Ryojun.
The city was a subdivision of a larger
L"uda City and contained 40 villages in 3 districts.
...
On January 7, 1960,
L"ushun City
was renamed
L"ushunkou District,
still under
L"uda. (L"uda, Lyuda, Luda,[Louda])
(from Wikipedia)
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