Как бы то ни было, ИГИЛ прославилось. . Laura Ryan, ‘Al– Qaida and ISIS Use Twitter Differently. Here’s How and Why’, National Journal (wwwnationaljournal.com), 9 October 2014; Kyle J. Greene, ‘ISIS: Trends in Terrorist Media and Propaganda’, International Studies Capstone Research Papers, 3, 2015.

За первые полгода американских бомбардировок. . ISIS drawing steady stream of recruits, despite bombings’, Associated Press, 11 February 2015; Aya Batrawy, Paisley Dodds and Lori Hinnant, ‘Leaked Isis documents reveal recruits have poor grasp of Islamic faith’, Independent, 16 August 2016.

Согласно проведенным опросам, 7 % британцев. . Madeline Grant, ‘16 % of French Citizens Support Isis, Poll Finds’, Newsweek, 26 August 2014.

Twitter не строил камеры пыток. . ‘Iraq torture “worse after Saddam”’, BBC News, 21 September 2006; Terrence McCoy, ‘Camp Bucca: The US prison that became the birthplace of Isis’, Independent, 4 November 2014; Neal McDonald, ‘Iraqi reality– TV hit takes fear factor to another level’, Christian Science Monitor, 7 June 2005.

На самом же деле силы противника составляли всего две тысячи джихадистов. . Ned Parker, Isabel Coles and Raheem Salman, ‘Special Report: How Mosul fell – An Iraqi general disputes Baghdad’s story’, Reuters, 14 October 2014; Matt Sienkiewicz, ‘Arguing with ISIS: web 2.0, open source journalism, and narrative disruption’, Critical Studies in Media Communication, 35:1, 2018, pp. 122–35; Steve Rose, ‘The Isis propaganda war: a hi– tech media jihad’, Guardian, 7 October 2014.

На одном из этапов их даже просили размещать в сетях видео с флагом. . Greene, ‘ISIS: Trends in Terrorist Media and Propaganda’.

В 2015 году Альберто Фернандес. . Alberto M. Fernandez, ‘Here to stay and growing: Combating ISIS propaganda networks’, The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World, U.S.-Islamic World Forum Papers 2015, October 2015; Richard Forno and Arnupam Joshi, ‘How U.S. “Cyber Bombs” against Terrorists Really Work’, The Conversation, 13 May 2016.

К 2016 году они уже хвастались тем, что с помощью «кибербомб». . Brian Ross and James Gordon Meek, ‘ISIS Threat at Home: FBI Warns US Military About Social Media Vulnerabilities’, ABC News, 1 December 2014; ‘“ISIS hackers” threats against U.S. military wives actually came from Russian trolls’, Associated Press, 8 May 2018.

По данным другого исследования, проведенного Университетом Джорджа Вашингтона. . ‘Enhancing the Understanding of the Foreign Terrorist Fighters Phenomenon in Syria’, United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism, July 2017; Lizzie Dearden, ‘Isis: UN study finds foreign fighters in Syria “lack basic understanding of Islam”’, Independent, 4 August 2017; Christal Hayes, ‘Study: ISIS has lost territory but could still pose long– term threat’, USA Today, 6 February 2018.

Их тактика использования социальных сетей. . Jonathan Beller, The Message is Murder: Substrates of Computational Capital, Pluto Press: London, 2018, p. 5.

Если спектакль – это социальное взаимодействие. . Guy Debord, The Society of the Spectacle, Rebel Press: London, 1994, 2014.

В ходе своей президентской кампании Трамп управлял. . Samuel C. Woolley and Douglas Guilbeault, ‘United States: Manufacturing Consensus Online’, in Samuel C. Woolley and Philip N. Howard, eds, Computational Propaganda: Political Parties, Politicians, and Political Manipulation on Social Media, Oxford University Press: New York, 2019, p. 187.