general partnerships – полное товарищество, товарищество с неограниченной ответственностью

juridical person – юридическое лицо

intergovernmental agreements – межправительственные соглашения

the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency – Многостороннее агентство по гарантиям инвестиций

European Energy Charter – Европейская энергетическая хартия

International Monetary Fund – Международный валютный фонд

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – Международный банк реконструкции и развития

Task 2. Give the English translation equivalents of the following Russian words and expressions from the above text.

Инвестиционная активность, льготы на аренду недвижимого имущества, инвестиционный налоговый кредит, финансовые и нефинансовые формы поддержки, минеральный сырьевой комплекс, премиальные дивиденды, ежегодные выплаты, геологоразведка, степень риска, налог на добычу полезных ископаемых, полностью или частично передать права, госпошлина, нотариально заверенный, сотрудничество в инвестиционной сфере, международная конвенция.

Task 3. Give the Russian translation equivalents of the following expressions with the keyword “budget”.

Fixed budget, limited budget, low budget, shoestring budget, small budget, tight budget, generous budget, large budget, annual budget, monthly budget, weekly budget, family budget, personal budget, federal budget, government budget, municipal budget, national budget, state budget, defense budget, housing budget, health budget, military budget, social security budget, to get budget, to have budget, to allocate budget, to draw up budget, to plan budget, to propose budget, to submit budget, to approve budget, to keep to budget, to exceed budget, to overspend budget, to cut budget, to reduce budget, to increase budget, budget expenditure, budget deficit, budget surplus, budget constrain, budget proposals, below budget, in the budget, on budget, over budget, within budget.

Task 4. Translate the following mini-texts into Russian, paying attention to the bold words and expressions.

1. In many developing countries such as India, sales tax/VAT are key revenue sources as high unemployment and low per capita income render other income sources inadequate. However, there is strong opposition to this by many subnational governments as it leads to an overall reduction in the revenue they collect as well as of some autonomy.

2. In accounting language, the term non-recurring means an event that happens only once and is not repeated. Non-recurring items must always be reported separately from recurring items on the income statement, which breaks down the company's profit (or loss) for the quarterly or annual reporting period. One of the most common non-recurring events is the sale of a division or department. This might bring one-time charges – for example, providing laid-off workers with severance pay. Companies that are retooling factories also might claim a non-recurring expense for the work of setting up new machinery and expanding into new real estate. A non-recurring item on the income statement is one that the company does not experience in the normal course of business.

3. Essentially, Marx's value-form analysis intends to answer the question, how are the value-relationships of products expressed in ways that acquire an objective existence in their own right (ultimately as relationships between quantities of money, or money-prices), and how these product-values can change, independently of the valuers who trade in them. Marx argued that neither the classical political economists nor the vulgar economists who succeeded them were able to explain satisfactorily how that worked, resulting in serious theoretical errors. The reason behind the errors was – according to Marx – that, as market trade developed, the economic relationship between commodity-values and money increasingly appeared in an inverted, reified way.

4. The authorised capital of a company (sometimes referred to as the authorised share capital, registered capital or nominal capital, particularly in the United States) is the maximum amount of share capital that the company is authorised by its constitutional documents to issue (allocate) to shareholders. Part of the authorised capital can (and frequently does) remain unissued. This number can be changed by shareholders’ approval. The part of the authorised capital which has been issued to shareholders is referred to as the issued share capital of the company.

5. The term “juridical person” is used in the sense of an entity having the capacity of the potential to act legally and constituted either by a collection or succession of physical persons or a collection of properties. Examples of juridical persons are states, agencies, corporations, associations, committees, partnerships, ethnic and religious groups, positions to which individuals are nominated, appointed, or hired, character groups (women, fathers, children, deceased persons), the estates of bankrupt or deceased persons, counties, and so on.