4. Dohm-van Rossum, History of the Hour, trans. Dunlap, 311–312,294; G. C. Coulton, ed., Life in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, 1929), 99; Hauser, Ouvriers, 82–85; Silvia Mantini, "Per Un'Immagine Della Notte," Archivio Storico Italino 4 (1985), 578–579; Maurice Bouteloup, "Le Travail de Nuit dans la Boulangerie" (Ph. D. diss., Universit'e de Paris, 1909), 2.

5. Jan. 13, 1573, 1. H. Van Eeghen, Ed., Dagboek Van Broeder Wouter Jacobsz (Gualtherus Jacobi Masius Prior Van Stein: Amsterdam, 1572–1578, En Montfoort, 1578–1579, Gronningen, Neth., 1959), 1,134; R. H. Tawney and Eileen Power, eds., Tudor Economie Documents: Being Select Documents Illustrating the Economie and Social History of Tudor England (London, 1953), 1,342; Pierre Goubert, The French Peasantry in the Seventeenth Century, trans. Ian Patterson (Cambridge, 1986), 100; Helen Simpson, ed. and trans., The Waiting City: Paris 1782–1788… (Philadelphia, 1933), 75.

6. Anthony Homeck, The Happy Ascetick, or, the Best Exercise ([London], 1680), 409; Tornano, Proverbi, 104; Erskine Beveridge, comp., and J. D. Westwood, ed., Fegusson's Scottish Proverbs from the Original Print of 1641… (Edinburgh, 1924), 266.

7. Burkitt, The Poor Man’s Help… (London, 1694), 16.

8. Thompson, "Tune, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism," PP 38 (1967), 73, 56–97, passim.

9. "John Dane's Narrative," New England Historical and Geneological Register 8 (1854), 150; ECR, II, 150; M'en'etra, Journal, 32–33; OBP, Sept. 7,1722.

10. Wilson, English Proverbs, 169; Thomas Dekker, The Seven Deadly Sinnes of London, ed. H. F. B. Brett-Smith, ed. (New York, 1922), 30; OBP, Feb. 2-Mar. 2, 1765, 120; John Clayton, Friendly Advice to the Poor… (Manchester, 1755), 37; Franco Sacchetti, Tales from Sacchetti, trans. Mary G. Steegmann (1908; rpt. edn., Westport, Ct., 1978), 231.

11. Gaetano Zompini, Le Arti Che Vanno per Via Nella Citt`a di Venezia (Venice, 1785), piate 15, passim; Max J. Okenfuss, trans., The Travel Diary of Peter Tolstoi: A Muscovite in Early Modern Europe (DeKalb, III, 1987), 301; Marybeth Carlson, "Domestic Service in a Changing City Economy: Rotterdam, 1680–1780" (Ph. D. diss., Univ. of Wisconsin, 1993), 158; Tim Meldrum, Domestic Service and Gender, 1660–1750: Life and Work in the London Household (Harlow, Eng., 2000), 150–151; OBP, Oct. 12,1726, 3; Thompson, "Time, Work-Discipline," 60; Legg, Low-Life, 10; Restif de la Bretonne, Oeuvres (Geneva, 1971), II, 148–149.

12. Mar. 25,1661, Pepys, Diary, II, 60; J. W. Goethe, Italian Journey, 1786–1788 (New York, 1968), Part II, 315; OED, s. v. "bunter."

13. Beveridge, comp., and Westwood, ed., Scottish Proverbs, 25; Jan. 18,1624, Beck, Diary, 34; A General Description of All Trades… (London, 1747), 204, passim; John Collinges, The Weaver Pocket-Book, or, Weaving Spiritualized… (n. p., 1695), 87; William Howitt, The Boy's Country Book (London, n. d.), 12–13.

14. Dec. 24,1660, Pepys, Diary, 1,322; Joan Wake and Deborah Champion Webster, eds., The Letters of Daniel Eaton to the Third Earl of Cardigan, 1725–1732 (Kettering, Eng., 1971), 72; R. Campbell, The London Tradesman; Being a Compendius View of All the Trades, Professions, Arts, both Liberal and Mechanic now Practised in the Cities of London and Westminster (London, 1747), passim; Description of Trades, passim.

15. Steven L. Kaplan, The Bakers of Paris and the Bread Question, 1700–1775 (Durham, N. C, 19 %), 227, passim; Bouteloup, "Travail de Nuit," 3–5; Description of Trades, 10–11.

16. Campbell, London Tradesman, 264,332; OBP, Jan. 17,1728, Apr. 24–27,1745,104; Apr. 2, 8, 1777, Clement Young Sturge, ed., Leaves from the Past: The Diary of John Allen, Sometime Brewer ofWapping (1757–1808)… (Bristol, 1905), 30,34.

17. Celia Fiennes, The Illustrated Journeys of Celia Fiennes, c. 1685–1712, ed. Christopher Morris (London, 1982), 70; "Speculations," PA, July 15,1763; The Memoirs of Charles-Lewis Baron de Pollnitz… (London, 1739), 1,410; Bouteloup, "Travail de Nuit," 2; The Lawes of the Market (London, 1595).

18. T. Platter, Journal, 46; Woodward, ed., Books, 108; Goubert, French Peasantry, trans. Patterson, 140; John Webster, The Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft… (London, 1677), 299.