Alexander, Paul J.: The Byzantine Apocalyptic Tradition (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1985).

Alexander, Philip S.: ’Jewish Believers in Early Rabbinic Literature (2nd to 5th Centuries)’, in Skarsaune and Hvalvik.

Amory, Patrick: People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489–554 (Cambridge, 2003).

Anderson, Andrew Runni: ‘Alexander’s Horns’ (Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 58, 1927).

Ando, Clifford: The Palladium and the Pentateuch: Towards a Sacred Topography of the Later Roman Empire’ (Phoenix 55, 2001).

Andrae, Tor: Les Origines de l’lslam et le Christianisme, trans. Jules Roche (Paris, 1955).

Idem. In the Garden of Myrtles: Studies in Early Islamic Mysticism, trans. Birgitta Sharpe (Albany, 1987).

Angold, Michael: ‘Procopius’ Portrait of Theodora’, in Studies in Honour of Robert Browning, ed. C. N. Constantinides, N. M. Pa-nagiotakes, E. Jeffreys and A. D. Angelou (Venice, 1996).

Armstrong, Karen: Muhammed: A Western Attempt to Understand Islam (London, 1992).

Asian, Reza: No God but God: The Origins, Evolution and Future of Islam (London, 2005).

Athamina, Khalil: The Pre-Islamic Roots of the Early Muslim Caliphate: The Emergence of Abu Bakr’ (Der Islam 76, 1999).

Athanassiadi, Polymnia: ‘Persecution and Response in Late Paganism’ (Journal of Hellenic Studies 113, 1993).

Idem. Damascus: The Philosophical History (Athens, 1999).

Avi-Yonah, M.: The Jews of Palestine: A Political History from the Bar Kokhba War to the Arab Conquest (Oxford, 1976).

Ayoub, M.: The Qu’ran and its Interpreters, vol. 1 (Albany, 1984).

al-Azami, Mohammad Mustafa: On Schacht’s Origtns of Muhammadan Jurisprudence (Riyadh, 1985).

Idem. The History of the Qur’anic Text, from Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments (Leicester, 2003) Bagnall, Roger S. (ed.): Egypt in the Byzantine World, 300–700 (Cambridge, 2007) Bamberger, Bernard J.: Proselyt-ism in the Talmudic Period (New York, 1968) Bashear, Sulayman: ‘Qur’an 2.114 and Jerusalem’ (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 52, 1989).

Idem. The Title “Faruq” and its Association with Umar Г (Studia Islamica 72, 1990).

Idem. Apocalyptic and Other Materials on Early Muslim-Byzantine Wars: A Review of Arabic Sources’ (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1, 1991a).

Idem. Qibla Musharriqa and Early Muslim Prayer in Churches’ (Muslim World 81, 1991b).

Idem. Studies in Early Islamic Tradition (Jerusalem, 2004).

Bassett, Sarah: The Urban Image of Late Antique Constantinople (Cambridge, 2004.

Bauer, Walter: Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity, ed. Robert A. Kraft and Gerhard Krodel (Philadelphia, 1971).

Bausani, Alessandro: Religion in Iran: From Zoroaster to Baha’ullah, trans. J. M. Marchesi (New York, 2000).

Beard, Mary, North, John A. and Price, S. R. F: Religions of Rome (Cambridge, 1998).

Becker, Adam H.: ’Beyond the Spatial and Temporal Limes: Questioning the «Parting of the Ways» outside the Roman Empire’, in Becker and Reed.

Becker, Adam H. and Reed, Annette Yoshiko: The Ways that Never Parted: Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (Tubingen, 2003) Berg, Herbert (ed.): Islamic Origins Reconsidered: John Wansbrough and the Study of Early Islam (special issue of Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 9 (1), 1997).

Idem. The Development of Exegesis in Early Islam (Richmond, 2000).

Idem, (ed.): Method and Theory in the Study of Islamic Origins (Leiden, 2003) Bier, Lionel: ’Sasanian Palaces and their Influence in Early Islamic Architecture’ Architecture/ sasanian_palaces_islam.htm) Bishop, Eric R.: The Qumran Scrolls and the Quran’ (.Muslim World 48, 1958) Bivar, A. D. H.: ‘Hayatila’, in Encyclopaedia of Islam.

Idem. ‘Gorgan: Pre-Islamic History’, in Encyclopedia Iranica.

Blankinship, Khalid Yahya: The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn ibd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads (Albany, 1994).

Blockley, R. C.: The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire: Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus and Malchus (2 vols) (Liverpool, 1981–1983).

Bobzin, Hartmut: ‘A Treasury of Heresies: Christian Polemics against the Koran’, in Wild.

Bonner, Michael (ed.): Arab – Byzantine Relations in Early Islamic Times (Aldershot, 2004).

Idem. Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice (Princeton, 2006).

Bowersock, Glen W.: Roman Arabia (Cambridge, Mass., 1983).