54. Augusta Triumphans: or, the Way to Make London the Most Flourishing City in the Universe… (London, 1728), 47; Richard Mowery Andrews, Law, Magistracy, and Crime in Old Regime Paris, 1735–1789 (Cambridge, 1994), 521; Margaret J. Hoad, Portsmouth Record Series: Borough Sessions Papers, 1653–1688 (London, 1971), 50; Janekovick-R"omer, "Dubrovniks," 107; Matthiessen, Natten, 137–139; Schindler, Rebellion, 218–219; De La Lande, Voyage en Italie, 122.

55. Herbert, Jaculum Prudentium or Outlandish Proverbs… (London, 1651), 54.

56. Jean Carbonnier, Flexible Droit: Textes Pour une Sociologie de Droit sans Rigueur (Paris, 1976), 46–51.

57. S. P. Scott, ed. and trans., The Civil Law. Including the Twelve Tables… (New York, 1973), 1, 58; Crusius, Node, ch. 7.3, 7 passim, 13.6, 15.3; Ripae, Nodunro Tempore, passim; Nina Gockerell, "Telling Tune without a Clock," in Maurice and Mayr, eds., Clockwork Universe, 137.

58. Matthew Hale, Historia Placitorum Coronae: The History of the Pleas of the Crown (1736; rpt. edn., London, 1971), 1, 547; David H. Flaherty, Privacy in Colonial New England (Charlottesville, Va., 1972), 88; Matthew Bacon and Henry Gwillim, A New Abridgement of the Law (London, 1807), 11,346.

59. Legg, Low-Life, 101.

60. Ripae, Nodurno Tempore, ch. 91.11; DUR, Dec. 23, 1785; Tommaso Astarita, Village Justice: Community, Family, and Popular Culture in Early Modern Italy (Baltimore, 1999), 153–154; Patricia H. Labalme, "Sodomy and Venetian Justice in the Renaissance," Legal History Review 52 (1984), 221–222; Samuel Cohn, "Criminality and the State in Renaissance Florence, 1344–1466," JSH 14 (1980), 222; Guido Ruggiero, Violence in Early Renaissance Venice (New Brunswick, N. J., 1980), 6,19; Matthiessen, Natten, 137; Aug. 17,1497, Landucci, ed., Florentine Diary, trans. Jervis, 125–126.

61. Bowsky, "Medieval Commune," 4; Ripae, Nodurno Tempore, ch. 24:3, passim; JRAI, I and II, passim; High Court of Justiciary, Small Papers, Main Series, JC 26/42—43, passim, Scottish Record Office, Edinburgh; Julius R. Ruff, Crime, Justice and Public Order in Old Regime France: The S'en'echauss'ees of Libourne and Bazas, 1696–1789 (London, 1984), 115; Matthiessen, Natten, 129.

62. Beattie, Crime, 148; Ian W. Archer, The Pursuit of Stability: Social Relations in Elizabethan London (Cambridge, 1991), 247; Ian Cameron, Crime and Repression in the Auvergne and the Guyenne, 1720–1790 (Cambridge, 1981), 155–156; Edgar J. McManus, Law and Liberty in Early New England Criminal Justice and Due Process, 1620–1692 (Amherst, Mass., 1993), 30–31.

63. "Justus Sed Humanus," London Magazine, April 1766, 204; Sir William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, ed. William Draper Lewis (Phildadelphia, 1902), IV, 1579; Scott, ed. and trans., Civil Law, 59; Katherine Fischer Drew, trans., The Lombard Laws (Philadelphia, 1973), 58; F. R. P. Akehurst, ed., The Coutumes de Beauvaisis of Philippe de Beaumanoir (Philadelphia, 1992), 429–430; Ripae, Nodurno Tempore, ch. 24; Crusius, Node, ch. 11.5–8; Samuel E. Thome, ed., Bradon on the Laws and Customs of England (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), II, 408; Porret, Crime et ses Circonstances, 288–289.

64. Lottin, Chavatte, 356; JRAI, II, 488; Blackstone, Commentaries, ed. Lewis, IV, 1618.

65. An Effectual Scheme for the Immediate Preventing of Street Robberies, and Suppressing All Other Disorders of the Night… (London, 1731), 62; Edmond-Jean-Francois Barbier, Journal d'un Bourgeois de Paris sous le R`egne de Louis XV (Paris, 1963), 169; Matthiessen, Natten, 12; Jeffry Kaplow, The Names of Kings: The Parisian Laboring Poor in the Eighteenth Century (New York, 1972), 22–23.

1. Apr. 6,1745, Parkman, Diary, 114.

2. Br"aker, Life, 67; John Milton, Complete Prose Works (New Haven, 1953), 1, 228; Nina Gockerell, "Telling Time without a Clock," in Klaus Maurice and Otto Mayr, eds., The Clockwork Universe: German Clocks and Automata, 1550–1650 (New York, 1980), 131–143.

3. Giambattista Basile, The Pentamerone…, ed. and trans. Strith Thompson (1932; rpt. edn., Westport, Ct., 1979), I, 297; Randle Cotgrave, A Didionarie of the French and English Tongues (London, 1611), Muchembled, Violence, 53; Thomas Hardy, The Woodlanders (1887; rpt. edn., London, 1991), 99—100; Gockerell, "Telling Time," 134–136.

4. Phineas Fletcher, The Purple Island, or the Isle of Man (n. p., 1633), 46; Wilson J. Litchfield, The Litchfield Family in America (Southbridge, Mass., 1906), V, 344; Sept. 30, 1774, Patten, Diary, 330,385.

5. Henry Swinburne, Travels in the Two Siciliies… (London, 1783), II, 269; William Sewell, A Large Dictionary English and Dutch (Amsterdam, 1708), 79; Shakespeare, Macbeth, 1, 5,51.