26. Apr. 16,1708, Cowper, Diary; Stewart E. Fraser, ed., Ludwig Holberg's Memoirs… (Leiden, 1970), 115; "Decription of the City of Rome," Town and Country Magazine 24 (1792), 260; Henry Swinburne, Travels in the Two Sicilies… (London, 1783), II, 72–73; Cohens, Italy, 156–157; Sara T. Nalle, God in La Mancha: Religious Reform and the People of Cuenca, 1500–1650 (Baltimore, 1992), 154–156.

27. J. M. Beattie, Policing in London, 1660–1750: Urban Crime and the Limits of Terror (Oxford, 2001), 172; Edward MacLysaght, Irish Life in the Seventeenth Century (New York, 1969), 197; Eug`ene Defrance, Histoire de l’'Eclairage des Rues de Paris (Paris, 1904), 36; Falkus, "Lighting," 254–264; Lettie S. Multhauf, "The Light of Lamp-Lanterns: Street Lighting in 17th-Century Amsterdam," Technology and Culture 26 (1985), 236–252; Ruff, Violence, 3; Cohens, Italy, 116–117; Jonathan Irvine Israel, The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477–1806 (New York, 1995), 681–682; Voisin, "Dijon la Nuit," 278.

28. J. P. Marana, Lettre Sicilienne (1700; rpt. edn., Paris, 1883), 50–51; Martin Lister, A Journey to Paris in the Year 1698, ed. Raymond Phineas Steams (Urbana, Ш., 1967), 25; John Beckman, A History of Inventions, Discoveries, and Origins, trans. William Johnston (London, 1846), 180–182; Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 748–752; Defrance, Histoire de l''Eclairage, 35–38; Leon Bernard, The Emerging City: Paris in the Age of Louis XIV (Durham, N. С., 1970), 162–166; Falkus, "Lighting," 254–260; Peter Borsay, The English Urban Renaissance: Culture and Society in the Provincial Town, 1660–1770 (Oxford, 1989), 72–74.

29. S/C, Oct. 25,1783; De Beer, "Street-Lighting," 317–320; Beckman, Discoveries, trans. Johnston, 180; Matthiessen, Natten, 26.

30. John Scott, A Visit to Paris in 1814… (London, 1815), 40; Defrance, Histoire de l’'Eclairage, 47; G. E. Rodmell, ed., "An Englishman's Impressions of France in 1775," Durham University Journal (1967), 78. См. также: Maurice D'elib'er'e and Paulette D'elib'er'e, Pr'ehistoire et Histoire de la Lumi`ere (Paris, 1979), 117.

31. Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 759; Corinne Walker, "Du Plaisir `a la N'ecessit'e: l'Apparition de la Lumi`ere dans les Rues de Gen`eve `a la Fin du XVHIe Si`ecle," in Francois Walter, ed., Vivre et Imaginer la Ville XVllle — XIXe Si`ecles (Geneva, 1988), 107; Henry Hibbert, Syntagma Theologcum… (London, 1662), 31; Beattie, Policing, 170.

32. Smollett, Humphry Clinker… (New York, 1983), 113.

33. R. G. Bury, trans., Plato in Twelve Volumes (Cambridge, Mass., 1963), XI, 69; Crusius, Node, ch. 5.5.

34. 13 Edward I c. 4; Beckman, Discoveries, trans. Johnston, 188; Joachim Schl"or, Nights in the Big City: Paris, Berlin, London 1840–1930, trans. Pierre Gottfried Imhof and Dafydd Rees Roberts (London, 1998), 73.

35. Moryson, Unpublished Itinerary, 365–366; Clare Williams, ed., Thomas Platter's Travels in England, 1599 (London, 1937), 174; Raine, ed., York Civic Records, V, 102; Bowsky, "Medieval Commune," 9—10; Alan Williams, The Police of Paris, 1718–1789 (Baton Rouge, 1979), 67.

36. Carl Bridenbaugh, Cities in the Wilderness: The First Century of Urban Life in America, 1625–1742 (Oxford, 1971), 64–67.

37. Beckman, Discoveries, trans. Johnston, 189; Schl"or, Nights in the Big City, trans. Imhof and Roberts, 74; Duke of Ormond, "Whereas by the good and wholsome lawes of this realm… night-watches should be kept…" (Dublin, 1677); Ruff, Violence, 92; M. De La Lande, Voyage en Italie… (Paris, 1786), 154.

38. Memoirs of Francois-Ren'e Vicomte de Chateaubriand, trans. Alexander Teixera de Mattos (New York, 1902), IV, 27; William Young, The History of Dulwich College… with a Life of the Founder, Edward Alleyn, and an Accurate Transcript of His Diary, 1617–1622 (London, 1889), II, 356; A.F.J. Brown, Essex People, 1750–1900 (Chelmsford, Eng., 1972), 40; Robert C. Davis, Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal: Workers and Workplace in the Preindustrial City (Baltimore, 1991), 157.