23. W. M., Hesperi-neso-graphia: or, a Description of the Western Isle… (London, 1716), 8; Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 496–497; Robert Muchembled, "Popular Culture," in Robert Muchembled et al., Popular Culture (Danbury, Ct., 1994), II.

24. SAS, V, 335; C. Scott Dixon, The Reformation and Rural Society: The Parishes of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach, 1528–1603 (Cambridge, 1996), 183, 180–181, 194–195; George Saintsbury, ed., The Works of John Dryden (Edinburgh, 1884), IX, 443; Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 222–231; Burke, Popular Culture, passim.

25. OED, s. V. "night-spell"; Minor White Latham, The Elizabethan Fairies: The Fairies of Folklore and the Fairies of Shakespeare (1930; rpt. edn., New York, 1972), 38; Ralph Merrifield, The Archaeology of Ritual and Magic (London, 1987), 137–158.

26. Scott, Witchcraft, 27; Catherine Maloney, "A Witch-Bottle from Dukes Place, Aldgate," Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society 31 (1980), 157–159; John Demos, Remarkable Providences: Readings on Early American History (Boston, 1991), 437–438; Merrifield, Archaeology, 159–178.

27. Roderick A. McDonald, The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana (Baton Rouge, 1993), 40; Carla Mulford et al., eds., Early American Writings (New York, 2002), 508.

28. Anna Brzozowska-Krajka, Polish Traditional Folklore: The Magic of Time (Boulder, Colo, 1998), 122; Matthiessen, Natten, 100; Anonymous, Travel Diary, 1795, Chetham's Library, Manchester, Eng.; OED, s. v. "mezuzah."

29. Sewall, Diary, 1,400; David D. Hall, "The Mental World of Samuel Sewall," in David Hall et al., eds., Saints & Revolutionaries: Essays on Early American History (New York,

1984), 80; Brand 1848, II, 73, III, 20–21; Kingsley Palmer, The Folklore of Somerset (Totowa, N. J., 1976), 45; Mrs. Gutch, County Folk-Lore: Examples of Printed Folk-Lore Concerning the East Riding of Yorkshire (London, 1912), 64; Karl Wegert, Popular Culture, Crime, and Social Control in 18th Century W"urttemberg (Stuttgart, 1994), 71.

30. Trenchard, The Natural History of Superstition (London, 1709), 24; Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 636–637,647—648.

31. UM, May, 1751,220.

32. Henry Bull, comp., Christian Prayers and Holy Meditations… (Cambridge, 1842), 75.

33. ВС, July 1, 1761; Brand 1848, III, 180–182, 228; Brzozowska-Krajka, Polish Folklore, 67,204; R.W. Scribner, Popular Culture and Popular Movements in Reformation Germany (London, 1987), 32; Mrs. M. MacLeod Banks, British Calendar Customs: Scotland (London, 1941), III, 112, 116–117; e-mail of Jan. 29, 2002 from David Bromwich, Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society, Taunton, Eng.; Muchembled, "Popular Culture," 24.

34. Dec. 7,1758, Dyer, Diary; June 3,1662, Pepys, Diary, III, 101; Ian Cameron, Crime and Repression in the Auvergne and the Guyenne, 1720–1790 (Cambridge, 1981), 127.

35. Eugen Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914 (Stanford, Calif., 1976), 161; Pounds, Culture, 109–117; Roche, Consumption, 125–130; Raffaella Sarti, Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture, 1500–1800, trans. Allan Cameron (New Haven, 2002), 92–93.

36. William Carr, ed., The Dialect of Craven, in the West-Riding of the County of York (London, 1828), 1,30; Joseph Lawson, Letters to the Young on Progress in Pudsey during the Last Sixty Years (Stanningley, Eng., 1887), 23; Annik Pardailhe Galabrun, The Birth of Intimacy: Privacy and Domestic Life in Early Modern Paris, trans. Jocelyn Phelps (Philadelphia, 1991), 120.

37. Pounds, Culture, 110–112; Roche, Consumption, 130–131; Tobias George Smollett, Travels through France and Italy, ed. Frank Felsentein (Oxford, 1979), 209.

38. John Earl Perceval, The English Travels of Sir John Percival and William Byrd II, ed. Mark R. Wenger (Columbia, Mo., 1989), 137; Defoe, Tour, II, 676; Mr. Ozell, trans., M. Misson's Memoirs and Observations in His Travels over England (London, 1719), 37–39; Celia Fiennes, The Illustrated Journeys of Celia Fiennes, c. 1685–1712 (London, 1982), 147,161; Joan Thirsk, The Agrarian History of England and Wales (London, 1967), IV, 453.